Synthesis of Prebiotic Caramels Catalyzed by Ion-Exchange Resin Particles: Kinetic Model for the Formation of Di- d -fructose Dianhydrides
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Caramel enriched in di-d-fructose dianhydrides (DFAs, a family of prebiotic cyclic fructodisaccharides) is a functional food with beneficial properties for health. The aim of this work was to study the conversion of fructose into DFAs catalyzed by acid ion-exchange resin, in order to establish a simplified mechanism of the caramelization reaction and a kinetic model for DFA formation. Batch reactor experiments were carried out in a 250 mL spherical glass flask and afforded up to 50%25 DFA yields. The mechanism proposed entails order 2 reactions that describe fructose conversion on DFAs or formation of byproducts such as HMF or melanoidines. A third order 1 reaction defines DFA transformation into fructosyl-DFAs or fructo-oligosaccharides. The influence of fructose concentration, resin loading and temperature was studied to calculate the kinetic parameters necessary to scale up the process. © 2018 American Chemical Society.
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difructose dianhydride; fructose; heterogeneous catalysis; kinetic law; prebiotic caramel Batch reactors; Byproducts; Catalysis; Fructose; Ion exchange resins; Kinetic parameters; Kinetic theory; Kinetics; Acid ion exchange resin; Caramelization; difructose dianhydride; Fructo-oligosaccharides; Kinetic law; Kinetic modeling; Prebiotics; Spherical glass; Ion exchange; caramel; disaccharide; fructose; ion exchange resin; prebiotic agent; analysis; candy; chemistry; kinetics; temperature; Candy; Disaccharides; Fructose; Ion Exchange Resins; Kinetics; Prebiotics; Temperature
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