Biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence, and osmoregulation traits let differentiation of wild and cultivated Amaranthus under water stress
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Amaranths are recognized by their high nutritive value and their natural tolerance to environmental stresses. In this study, physiological differences in response to water stress were compared between A. hybridus, a wild species considered as weed, and A. hypochondriacus, the most cultivated species for grain production, under the hypothesis that wild species have better adaptation to stress. In both species, photosynthetic parameters, pigments, and gene expression of selected genes were assessed. Biomass, effective quantum efficiency (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and electron transport rate (ETR) values were reduced only in A. hybridus due to water deficit. Drought stress promoted proline accumulation by twice in A. hybridus but until three times in A. hypochondriacus. In both species, drought stress reduced net assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and the expression of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC). While, maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll, betacyanins, and the expression of ribulose1–5, bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (LSU) did not change when plants were subjected to water stress. Likewise, both species accumulated total phenolic compounds and Oxalyl-CoA gene was up-regulated in response to drought. Our results have shown that A. hypochondriacus, the cultivated species, exhibited better tolerance to drought than A. hybridus, the wild species, probably due to an unconsciously selected trait during the domestication process. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
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Amaranth; Biomass; Chlorophyll fluorescence; Gas exchange; Oxalyl-CoA; PEPC; Proline; Secondary metabolites; Wild species betacyanin; chlorophyll; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; phenol derivative; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; ribulose 1 5, bisphosphate carboxylase; unclassified drug; acyl coenzyme A; chlorophyll; oxalyl-coenzyme A; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP); Amaranthus; Amaranthus hybridus; Article; biomass; climate change; controlled study; crop production; domestication; drought stress; electron transport; environmental stress; fluorescence analysis; gene; gene expression; genetic variability; nonhuman; nutritional value; osmoregulation; oxalyl CoA gene; photochemical quenching; photosynthesis; priority journal; protein expression; quantum yield; shoot; upregulation; water content; water stress; biomass; down regulation; drought; fluorescence; genetics; metabolism; osmoregulation; physiological stress; physiology; plant gene; Acyl Coenzyme A; Amaranthus; Biomass; Chlorophyll; Down-Regulation; Droughts; Fluorescence; Genes, Plant; Osmoregulation; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP); Photosynthesis; Stress, Physiological
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