Valorization of hydroxyapatite from devilfish bones as adsorbent for the removal of ibuprofen in aqueous solution
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In this study, devilfish bones (family Loricariidae) were used as a source of hydroxyapatite (HAp) to adsorb ibuprofen in water as a biomaterial valorization approach. The HAp was extracted by hydrothermal pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and then calcined at 550 and 850 °C. SEM–EDS, XRD and TGA analyses confirmed the main presence of HAp in the bones. The evaluation of the adsorption capacity of ibuprofen obtained a maximum capacity of 20.24 mg g−1 at pH 7 using HAp calcined at 850 °C. The adsorption of ibuprofen on HAp was attributed to electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding mechanisms corroborated by FT-IR analysis. These results suggest that HAp derived from devilfish bones is viable for the removal of ibuprofen from water.