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Evaluation of acute and chronic exposure to aflatoxin B1 in indigenous women of the Huasteca Potosina, Mexico
aflatoxin, 1402-68-2; aflatoxin B1, 1162-65-8; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Carcinogens; Mycotoxins
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most studied mycotoxins due to its high occurrence in food and its hepatotoxic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, childhood growth, genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects in humans and animals. Exposure to AFB1 is reported to be both, acute and chronic; the main exposure pathway to AFB1 is through the intake of contaminated food. In Mexico, although the reports of several studies addressing the problem of aflatoxins in maize and other foods, the evidence has been centered on exposure to AFB1 and to the quantification of the Aflatoxins themselves, but there is null evidence about genotoxic effects of aflatoxins in vulnerable populations. Therefore, this study focused on assessing chronic AFB1 exposure through the AFB1-lys biomarker adduct and acute exposure through total AFB1-DNA adducts in women from a rural indigenous community in the Huasteca Potosina (Mexico). A hundred percent of the studied population presented total AFB1-DNA and AFB1-lys adducts in concentrations of 1.08 (0.48–1.34) μmol of adduct/mol of DNA and 2.33 (1.08-102.6) pg/mg of albumin respectively (median (min-max)). Thus, continuous monitoring and important changes in regulations are desired and recommended. The results in this study provide enough evidence to support the toxic effects that the exposure to AFB1 represents, as well as the population risk that it poses, and in the same sense, the current need to create an intervention program that directly influences the control of the sources of exposure in order to reduce it. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AFB1-DNA adducts; AFB1-lysine adducts; Aflatoxin B1; Chronic exposure; Indigenous women biomarker; health risk; indigenous population; pollution exposure; risk factor; rural population; toxin; womens health; Mexico [North America]; Animalia; Zea mays; aflatoxin; aflatoxin B1; carcinogen; mycotoxin; animal; child; female; human; Mexico; Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxins; Animals; Carcinogens; Child; Female; Humans; Mexico; Mycotoxins