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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in children and young adults has been associated with changes in the innate immune system. We herein analyzed the possible effect of very long term HCMV infection on the expression of several NK cell receptors. Ninety HCMV-seropositive individuals were included and classified as young adults (n = 30), elderly (n = 30) and very elderly subjects (n = 30). A peripheral blood sample was obtained and the expression of NK cell receptors (NKG2A, NKG2C, ILT2, CD161, KIR2DL1, KIR3DL1, and KIR3DL2) by NK and other lymphocyte subsets was assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, the frequency of the sixteen KIR genes was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. We found a significant increase in the number of NKG2C NK and T cells in elderly individuals compared to young adults accompanied by an opposite trend in the number of NKG2A lymphocytes, and ILT2 cells were also increased in elderly individuals. A significant increase in the levels of CD3-CD56 NKG2C CD57 cells was also detected in the elderly groups. Finally, KIR gene analysis revealed that the KIR genotype 2 was significantly less frequent in the elderly individuals. Our results support that long-term infection by HCMV exerts a significant progressive effect on the innate immune system. © 2017 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in children and young adults has been associated with changes in the innate immune system. We herein analyzed the possible effect of very long term HCMV infection on the expression of several NK cell receptors. Ninety HCMV-seropositive individuals were included and classified as young adults (n = 30), elderly (n = 30) and very elderly subjects (n = 30). A peripheral blood sample was obtained and the expression of NK cell receptors (NKG2A, NKG2C, ILT2, CD161, KIR2DL1, KIR3DL1, and KIR3DL2) by NK and other lymphocyte subsets was assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, the frequency of the sixteen KIR genes was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. We found a significant increase in the number of NKG2C%2b NK and T cells in elderly individuals compared to young adults accompanied by an opposite trend in the number of NKG2A%2b lymphocytes, and ILT2%2b cells were also increased in elderly individuals. A significant increase in the levels of CD3-CD56%2bNKG2C%2bCD57%2b cells was also detected in the elderly groups. Finally, KIR gene analysis revealed that the KIR genotype 2 was significantly less frequent in the elderly individuals. Our results support that long-term infection by HCMV exerts a significant progressive effect on the innate immune system. © 2017 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics
Comparative analysis of NK cell receptor repertoire in adults and very elderly subjects with cytomegalovirus infection
Cytomegalovirus; Innate immunity; NK cells CD161 antigen; CD3 antigen; CD56 antigen; CD57 antigen; genomic DNA; ilt2 protein; killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor 2DL1; killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor 3DL1; killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor 3DL2; natural killer cell receptor; natural killer cell receptor NKG2A; natural killer cell receptor NKG2C; unclassified drug; natural killer cell receptor; adult; aged; Article; blood sampling; controlled study; cytomegalovirus infection; female; flow cytometry; genotype; human; human cell; innate immunity; lymphocyte subpopulation; major clinical study; male; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; very elderly; cell culture; classification; comparative study; Cytomegalovirus; cytomegalovirus infection; gene frequency; genetics; haplotype; host pathogen interaction; immunology; K-562 cell line; metabolism; middle aged; natural killer cell; physiology; procedures; virology; young adult; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cells, Cultured; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Haplotypes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; K562 Cells; Killer Cells, Natural; Male; Middle Aged; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; Young Adult
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