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The suprachiasmatic nucleus changes the daily activity of the arcuate nucleus α-MSH neurons in male rats
4 aminobutyric acid; alpha intermedin; cholera toxin B subunit; corticosterone; ghrelin; glucose; leptin; melatonin; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide; adult; animal experiment; animal model; arcuate nucleus; article; brain damage; cell activity; circadian rhythm; comparative study; controlled study; darkness; diet restriction; feeding behavior; food intake; hormone action; hormone blood level; immunohistochemistry; innervation; light exposure; locomotion; male; nerve cell; nonhuman; oncogene c fos; priority journal; rat; suprachiasmatic nucleus; alpha-MSH; Animals; Arcuate Nucleus; Circadian Rhythm; Male; Motor Activity; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Timing of metabolic processes is crucial for balanced physiology; many studies have shown the deleterious effects of untimely food intake. The basis for this might be an interaction between the arcuate nucleus (ARC) as the main integration site for metabolic information and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) as the master clock. Hereweshowin male rats that theSCNinfluencesARCdaily neuronal activity by imposing a daily rhythm on theα-MSHneurons with a peak in neuronal activity at the end of the dark phase. Bilateral SCN lesions showed a complete disappearance of ARC neuronal rhythms and unilateral SCN lesions showed a decreased activation in the ARC at the lesioned side. Moreover light exposure during the dark phase inhibited ARC and α-MSH neuronal activity. The daily inhibition of ARC neuronal activity occurred in light-dark conditions as well as in dark-dark conditions, demonstrating the inhibitory effect to be mediated by increased SCN (subjective) day neuronal activity. Injections into the SCN with the neuronal tracer cholera toxin B showed that α-MSH neurons receive direct projections from the SCN. The present study demonstrates that the SCN activates and possibly also inhibits depending on the moment of the circadian cycle ARC α-MSH neurons via direct neuronal input. The persistence of these activity patterns in fasted animals demonstrates that this SCN-ARC interaction is not necessarily satiety associated but may support physiological functions associated with changes in the sleep-wake cycle. Copyright © 2014 by the Endocrine Society.
4 aminobutyric acid, 28805-76-7, 56-12-2; corticosterone, 50-22-6; ghrelin, 304853-26-7; glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; melatonin, 73-31-4; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, 37221-79-7
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