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Partial baroreceptor dysfunction and low plasma nitric oxide bioavailability as determinants of salt-sensitive hypertension: A reverse translational rat study
Aortic barodenervation; Nitric oxide bioavailability; Salt-sensitive hypertension messenger RNA; nitric oxide; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; superoxide; superoxide dismutase; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; aorta pressoreceptor; article; bioavailability; blood pressure; body weight; catheter; controlled study; heart denervation; high sodium intake; hypertension; kidney medulla; male; mean arterial pressure; nonhuman; pressoreceptor; rat; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; RNA translation; sensitivity analysis; sodium intake; sodium restriction; spectrophotometry; translational research
This study determined whether clinical salt-sensitive hypertension (cSSHT) results from the interaction between partial arterial baroreceptor impairment and a high-sodium (HNa) diet. In three series (S-I, S-II, S-III), mean arterial pressure (MAP) of conscious male Wistar ChR003 rats was measured once before (pdMAP) and twice after either sham (SHM) or bilateral aortic denervation (AD), following 7 days on a low-sodium (LNa) diet (LNaMAP) and then 21 days on a HNa diet (HNaMAP). The roles of plasma nitric oxide bioavailability (pNOB), renal medullary superoxide anion production (RMSAP), and mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed. In SHM (n=11) and AD (n=15) groups of S-I, LNaMAP-pdMAP was 10.5±2.1 vs 23±2.1 mmHg (P<0.001), and the salt-sensitivity index (SSi; HNaMAP-LNaMAP) was 6.0±1.9 vs 12.7±1.9 mmHg (P=0.03), respectively. In the SHM group, all rats were normotensive, and 36%25 were salt sensitive (SSi≥10 mmHg), whereas in the AD group ~50%25 showed cSSHT. A 45%25 reduction in pNOB (P≤0.004) was observed in both groups in dietary transit. RMSAP increased in the AD group on both diets but more so on the HNa diet (S-II, P<0.03) than on the LNa diet (S-III, P<0.04). MAP modeling in rats without a renal hypertensive genotype indicated that the AD*HNa diet interaction (P=0.008) increases the likelihood of developing cSSHT. Translationally, these findings help to explain why subjects with clinical salt-sensitive normotension may transition to cSSHT.
nitric oxide, 10102-43-9; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, 9032-22-8; superoxide, 11062-77-4; superoxide dismutase, 37294-21-6, 9016-01-7, 9054-89-1
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
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