Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
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publication venue for: Synergistic effects between codeine and diclofenac after local, spinal and systemic administration
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RDF description of Synergistic effects between codeine and diclofenac after local, spinal and systemic administration - http://orbis.uaslp.mx/vivo/individual/scopus1270
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date: 2026-08-26T23:50:36
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Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT: 38940-M
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funding vehicle for: Synergistic effects between codeine and diclofenac after local, spinal and systemic administration

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Synergistic effects between codeine and diclofenac after local, spinal and systemic administration
type: Article
page start: 463
e iscopus: 2-s2.0-0344845091
date time value: article date 1271
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issue: 3-4
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most specific type: Article
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abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the antinociceptive interaction between codeine and diclofenac at the local, spinal and systemic level. The effects of individual and fixed-ratio combinations of locally, spinally or orally given codeine and diclofenac were assayed using the formalin test in rats. Isobolographic analysis was employed to characterize the synergism produced by the combinations. Codeine, diclofenac and fixed-ratio codeine-diclofenac combinations produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect when administered locally, spinally or systemically. ED30 values were estimated for the individual drugs and isobolograms were constructed. Theoretical ED30 values for the combination estimated from the isobolograms were 422.2±50.5 μg/paw, 138.5±9.2 μg/rat, and 9.3±1.1 mg/kg for the local, spinal and oral routes, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the actually observed ED30 values which were 211.1±13.6 μg/paw, 45.9±3.9 μg/rat, and 2.5±0.2 mg/kg, indicating a synergistic interaction. Systemic administration resulted in the highest increase in potency, being about fourfold, while spinal and local administration increased potency in two- and threefold, respectively. The fact that the highest synergism was observed after systemic administration suggests that the interaction is occurring at several anatomical sites. The results support the clinical use of this combination in pain management. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
page end: 471
type: Entity
origen: scopus
crisid: 1271
related by: authorship 7531
related by: authorship 7530
pmid: 14643845
chemicalscas: codeine, 76-57-3; diclofenac, 15307-79-6, 15307-86-5
freetext keyword: Antinociception; Codeine; Diclofenac; Synergistic codeine; diclofenac; antinociception; article; controlled study; dose response; drug dose; drug effect; drug efficacy; drug potency; nonhuman; pain; priority journal; rat; Trixis
has funding vehicle: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT: 38940-M
volume: 76
type: Continuant
has publication venue: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
related by: authorship 7529
manufactures: Novartis, Mexico
type: Generically Dependent Continuant
related by: authorship 7528
doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2003.09.001
related by: authorship 7527
related by: authorship 7526
estado: published