Document
carbon, 7440-44-0; sulfamethoxazole, 723-46-6; water, 7732-18-5; Carbon, ; Gels, ; Sulfamethoxazole, ; Water, ; Water Pollutants, Chemical,
Synthesis of porous carbon xerogel adsorbents with tailored hierarchical porosity and morphology for the selective removal of sulfamethoxazole from water
In this work, pellet-type carbon xerogel adsorbents (CXCs) were synthesized through sol–gel polymerization of resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) using Cs2CO3 (Cs) as a catalyst for the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a hazardous water pollutant. The R/Cs ratio was varied at 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 (denoted CXCs100, CXCs500, CXCs1000, and CXCs2000), resulting in CXCs with a well-defined hierarchical porous structure composed of interconnected spherical particles. Increasing the R/Cs ratio led to larger spherical particle sizes, with pore diameters ranging from 60.7 to 126.6 nm, providing accessible and low flow resistance macroporosity. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved in the CXCs100 sample (87.8 mg/g), which decreased with increasing R/Cs ratios due to a reduction in total pore volume and meso and macropore areas, indicating that adsorption occurred in macropores and wide mesopores, driven by π-π dispersive interactions. CXCs500 emerged as the optimal adsorbent, with a favorable adsorption capacity (72.0 mg/g) and adequate rigidity (315.9 MPa) to prevent adsorbent breakdown. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH due to electrostatic interactions, and increased with temperature, indicating an endothermic process.
Adsorption; Carbon xerogels; Cesium carbonate catalyst; Hierarchical porosity; Porosity control; Sol–gel polymerization; Sulfamethoxazole Adsorption; Carbon; Gels; Porosity; Sulfamethoxazole; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; Carbon sequestration; Carbonaceous adsorbents; Elastomers; Mesopores; Micropores; carbon; gel; sulfamethoxazole; water; Adsorption capacities; Carbon xerogels; Carbonate catalysts; Cesium carbonate catalyst; Cesium carbonates; Hierarchical porosity; Porosity control; Sol-gel polymerization; Spherical particle; Sulfamethoxazole; adsorption; catalyst; formaldehyde; macropore; polymerization; porosity; rigidity; adsorption; chemistry; porosity; procedures; water management; water pollutant; Xerogels
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Generically Dependent Continuant
RDF description of Synthesis of porous carbon xerogel adsorbents with tailored hierarchical porosity and morphology for the selective removal of sulfamethoxazole from water - http://orbis.uaslp.mx/vivo/individual/scopus12386
Article
Information Content Entity
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, MCIU; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación; European Social Fund Plus, ESF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, (CNS2023-144680, 2021–2027, PID2021-127803OB-I00); European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado, AUIP, (PMA2-2022–123-14); Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado, AUIP; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI, (RYC2020-029301-I); Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Conahcyt, (780307); Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Conahcyt