Article
BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO DE LAS FAMILIAS DE PACIENTES COVID-19 TRAS LA ENFERMEDAD: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Background: The illness of a family member can affect the quality of life of the entire family, even the emotional impact in terms of discomfort can be greater than that of the patient himself. Family members of surviving COVID-19 patients are at higher risk due to additional conditions caused by the pandemic. A systematic review was carried out to describe the impact on the psychological well-being of families during and after having had a sick family member with COVID-19. Method: Databases were reviewed (PubMed, Springerlink, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, EBSCO, and Dialnet) that were used to identify all cross-sectional or longitudinal studies and qualitative studies published in English or Spanish in the years 2020 to 2023 that analyzed the impact on the psychological well-being of the families of surviving COVID-19 patients during and after their discharge from the ICU (Intensive Care Unit) or home. Those studies carried out as randomized controlled trials and those that evaluated the psychological well-being of families in the face of the effects of confinement were excluded. A last information search was performed in April 2023. We used the STROBE statement to assess the certainty of the body of evidence and the risk of bias of individual studies. For the extraction and synthesis of the results, a pre-structured matrix was used with the following topics: 1) Country, 2) authors, 3) year, 4) title, 5) objective, 6) variables, 7) sample, 8) instruments, 9) type of study 10) results. The present study follows the PRISMA guidelines. Results: The search for information yielded 1189 results, of which 26 studies met the exclusion and inclusion criteria, so they were selected for this analysis. A total of 165,909 people were evaluated; In most of the studies, the relatives reported the presence of symptoms of stress, anxiety, fear of COVID, and depression in the relatives of surviving patients of COVID-19 during the critical process of the disease; After recovery, similar results were reported in terms of the presence of anxiety and depression, but also symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. These risk factors were negatively correlated with the quality of life of the families, although not in all cases. Discussion: Information is provided on the current evidence available on the psychological impact received by the families of surviving patients of COVID-19 during and after recovery at both moments, the relatives mainly manifested symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress, the latter in the case of the relatives of surviving patients. The findings presented are consistent with other studies conducted with families of surviving patients from other critical illnesses. It is shown that there are risk and protection factors to take into account that determine the quality of life of families after recovery from the disease. It is suggested to follow up on these relatives through the implementation of evidence-based psychological interventions in addition to multidisciplinary support that guides the recovery process for both patients and caregivers.
COVID-19 survivors; family; ICU; Mental health; quality of life
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