breast cancer; nanomolecule; sulforaphane antineoplastic agent; butane; isothiocyanic acid; phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; protein kinase B; target of rapamycin kinase; thiocyanic acid derivative; water; breast tumor; female; human; nanomedicine; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Butanes; Female; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Nanomedicine; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Thiocyanates; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Water
Molecular Pathways Related to Sulforaphane as Adjuvant Treatment: A Nanomedicine Perspective in Breast Cancer
Because cancer is a multifactorial disease, it is difficult to identify the specific agents responsible for the disease’s progression and development, but lifestyle and diet have been shown to play a significant role. Diverse natural compounds are demonstrating efficacy in the development of novel cancer therapies, including sulforaphane (1-isothiocyanate-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane), a compound found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that promotes key biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and suppression of key signalling pathways such as the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in breast cancer cells. However, one of the primary challenges with sulforaphane treatment is its low solubility in water and oral bioavailability. As a consequence, several investigations were conducted using this component complexed in nanoparticles, which resulted in superior outcomes when combined with chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we discuss the properties and benefits of sulforaphane in cancer therapy, as well as its ability to form complexes with nanomolecules and chemotherapeutic agents that synergize the antitumour response in breast cancer cells. © 2022 by the authors.
butane, 106-97-8; isothiocyanic acid, 3129-90-6, 71048-69-6; phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, 115926-52-8; protein kinase B, 148640-14-6; target of rapamycin kinase, 171715-28-9; water, 7732-18-5; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Butanes; Isothiocyanates; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Thiocyanates; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Water
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