Progress and future opportunities in the development of vaccines against atherosclerosis

Introduction: Atherosclerosis represents a serious global health problem that demands new therapeutic and prophylactic interventions. Considering that atherosclerosis has autoimmune and inflammatory components, immunotherapy is a possible focus to treat this disease. Areas covered: Based on the analysis of the current biomedical literature, this review describes the status on the development of vaccines against atherosclerosis. Several targets have been identified including sequences of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), heat shock proteins (HSP), extracellular matrix proteins, T cell receptor β chain variable region 31 (TRBV31), the major outer membrane protein (MOMP), and the outer membrane protein 5 (Pomp5) from Chlamydia pneumoniae. Humoral and cellular immunities to these targets have been associated with therapeutic effects in murine models and humans. The evaluation of some candidates in clinical trials is ongoing. Expert commentary: New research paths based on the use of next generation vaccine production platforms are envisioned. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor %26 Francis Group.

Auto-antigen; food-grade vaccines; humoral response; inflammation; tolerance angiotensin receptor; apolipoprotein B100; cholesterol ester transfer protein; heat shock protein; outer membrane protein; outer membrane protein 5; proprotein convertase 9; scleroprotein; T lymphocyte receptor beta chain; unclassified drug; vaccine; vaccine; atherosclerosis; cellular immunity; Chlamydia pneumoniae; human; humoral immunity; nonhuman; phase 1 clinical trial (topic); phase 3 clinical trial (topic); priority journal; regulatory T lymphocyte; Review; vaccine production; animal; atherosclerosis; chemistry; immunology; immunotherapy; procedures; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Humans; Immunotherapy; Vaccines

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