Determination of sialic acid levels by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in periodontitis and gingivitis
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Objectives: To compare the sialic acid (SA) levels in saliva among periodontitis-affected, gingivitis and control patients. Methods: The study involved 93 subjects. The participants were divided into three groups: (1) 30 subjects without periodontal disease (control group); (2) 30 subjects with gingivitis; and (3) 33 subjects with periodontitis. The oral parameters examined were as follows: (a) Simplified Oral Hygiene Index; (b) Calculus Index; (c) Gingival Index; (d) probing pocket depth; and (e) level of epithelial attachment. SA levels in saliva were measured by means of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This method has demonstrated the capacity to detect extremely low concentrations of molecules. The spectrum was calibrated using analytical reagent SA. Results: The obtained median values for SA concentrations were 5.98, 7.32, and 17.12 mg/dl for control, gingivitis, and periodontitis patients, respectively. Conclusions: Our measurements by SERS corroborate that in periodontitis-affected patients, the SA concentration is larger than their concentrations in either control or gingivitis patients. This confirms previous reports and opens the possibility of using SERS as a diagnostic tool. © 2019 John Wiley %26 Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley %26 Sons Ltd. All rights reserved
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Ag nanoparticles; gingivitis; periodontitis; sialic acid; surface-enhanced Raman sialic acid; n acetylneuraminic acid; adult; Article; calculus index; controlled study; dental disease assessment; epithelial attachment; female; gingival index; gingivitis; human; major clinical study; oral hygiene index; periodontal disease; periodontitis; priority journal; probing pocket depth; saliva; statistical analysis; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; chemistry; gingivitis; male; metabolism; middle aged; periodontal index; periodontitis; Raman spectrometry; saliva; Adult; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Saliva; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
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