Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase function at very early symbiont perception: A local nodulation control under stress conditions?
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Root hair curling is an early and essential morphological change required for the success of the symbiotic interaction between legumes and rhizobia. At this stage rhizobia grow as an infection thread within root hairs and are internalized into the plant cells by endocytosis, where the PI3K enzyme plays important roles. Previous observations show that stress conditions affect early stages of the symbiotic interaction, from 2 to 30 min post-inoculation, which we term as very early host responses, and affect symbiosis establishment. Herein, we demonstrated the relevance of the very early host responses for the symbiotic interaction. PI3K and the NADPH oxidase complex are found to have key roles in the microsymbiont recognition response, modulating the apoplastic and intracellular/endosomal ROS induction in root hairs. Interestingly, compared with soybean mutant plants that do not perceive the symbiont, we demonstrated that the very early symbiont perception under sublethal saline stress conditions induced root hair death. Together, these results highlight not only the importance of the very early host-responses on later stages of the symbiont interaction, but also suggest that they act as a mechanism for local control of nodulation capacity, prior to the abortion of the infection thread, preventing the allocation of resources/energy for nodule formation under unfavorable environmental conditions. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved.
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Abiotic stress; nodulation; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PI3K; reactive oxygen species; ROS; symbiont perception; symbiotic interaction phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; plant protein; reactive oxygen metabolite; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; Bradyrhizobium; enzymology; genetics; host pathogen interaction; metabolism; microbiology; nodulation; physiology; plant root; soybean; symbiosis; Bradyrhizobium; Host-Pathogen Interactions; NADPH Oxidases; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Plant Proteins; Plant Root Nodulation; Plant Roots; Reactive Oxygen Species; Soybeans; Symbiosis
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