Fluoride bioaccumulation by hydroponic cultures of camellia (Camellia japonica spp.) and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum spp.)
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The ability of hydroponic cultures of camellia and sugar cane adult plants to remove fluoride was investigated. Plants were grown in a 50%25 Steiner nutrient solution. After an adaptation period to hydroponic conditions, plants were exposed to different fluoride concentrations (0, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL-1). Fluoride concentration in the culture medium and in tissues was measured. In sugar cane, fluoride was mainly located in roots, with 86%25 of it absorbed and 14%25 adsorbed. Sugar cane plants removed 1000-1200mg fluoride kg-1 dry weight. In camellia plants the highest fluoride concentration was found in leaf. Roots accumulated fluoride mainly through absorption, which was 2-5 times higher than adsorption. At the end of the experiment, fluoride accumulation in camellia plants was 1000-1400mgkg-1 dry weight. Estimated concentration factors revealed that fluoride bioaccumulation is 74-221-fold in camellia plants and 100-500-fold in sugar cane plants. Thus, the latter appear as a suitable candidate for removing fluoride from water due to their bioaccumulation capacity and vigorous growth rate; therefore, sugar cane might be used for phytoremediation. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
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Camellia; Fluoride; Hydroponic cultures; Sugar cane Bioaccumulation; Biochemistry; Bioremediation; Fluorine compounds; Camellia; Concentration factors; Fluoride; Fluoride bioaccumulations; Fluoride concentrations; Hydroponic culture; Nutrient solution; Saccharum officinarum; Sugar cane; chlorophyll; fluoride; water; fluoride; fluorophosphate; phosphate; soil pollutant; absorption; bioaccumulation; concentration (composition); dicotyledon; fluoride; growth rate; hydroponics; leaf; phytoremediation; root; sugar cane; absorption; accumulation assay; adaptation; Article; bioaccumulation; Camellia japonica; concentration (parameters); controlled study; culture medium; desorption; dry weight; hydroponics; nonhuman; plant leaf; plant root; sugarcane; analysis; bioremediation; Camellia; chemistry; human; hydroponics; metabolism; soil pollutant; sugarcane; Camellia; Camellia japonica; Saccharum; Saccharum officinarum; Biodegradation, Environmental; Camellia; Fluorides; Humans; Hydroponics; Phosphates; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Saccharum; Soil Pollutants
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