Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase from Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.: an Intrinsically Disordered Protein
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A novel Cu/ZnSOD from Amaranthus hypochondriacus was cloned, expressed, and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed an open reading frame (ORF) of 456 bp, which was predicted to encode a 15.6-kDa molecular weight protein with a pI of 5.4. Structural analysis showed highly conserved amino acid residues involved in Cu/Zn binding. Recombinant amaranth superoxide dismutase (rAhSOD) displayed more than 50 %25 of catalytic activity after incubation at 100 °C for 30 min. In silico analysis of Amaranthus hypochondriacus SOD (AhSOD) amino acid sequence for globularity and disorder suggested that this protein is mainly disordered; this was confirmed by circular dichroism, which showed the lack of secondary structure. Intrinsic fluorescence studies showed that rAhSOD undergoes conformational changes in two steps by the presence of Cu/Zn, which indicates the presence of two binding sites displaying different affinities for metals ions. Our results show that AhSOD could be classified as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that is folded when metals are bound and with high thermal stability. © 2015, Springer Science%2bBusiness Media New York.
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Amaranthus hypochondriacus; Circular dichroism; Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase; Enzyme-metals interaction; Intrinsically disordered protein; Structure modeling; Thermostability Amino acids; Binding sites; Bins; Catalyst activity; Cloning; Dichroism; Enzymes; Metal analysis; Oxygen; Amaranthus; Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase; Intrinsically disordered proteins; Structure modeling; Thermostability; Proteins; copper; copper zinc superoxide dismutase; hydrogen peroxide; intrinsically disordered protein; nickel; sodium chloride; zinc; hydrogen peroxide; intrinsically disordered protein; metal; recombinant protein; sodium chloride; superoxide dismutase; Amaranthus; Amaranthus hypochondriacus; amino acid sequence; Article; binding affinity; binding site; circular dichroism; cloning; conformational transition; heterologous expression; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; oligomerization; open reading frame; protein degradation; protein secondary structure; sequence analysis; thermostability; Amaranthus; chemical structure; chemistry; drug effects; enzyme stability; enzymology; fluorescence; kinetics; metabolism; molecular genetics; protein multimerization; sequence alignment; size exclusion chromatography; temperature; Amaranthus; Amino Acid Sequence; Chromatography, Gel; Circular Dichroism; Enzyme Stability; Fluorescence; Hydrogen Peroxide; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins; Kinetics; Metals; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Multimerization; Proteolysis; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Sodium Chloride; Superoxide Dismutase; Temperature
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