Shift Work or Food Intake during the Rest Phase Promotes Metabolic Disruption and Desynchrony of Liver Genes in Male Rats
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In the liver, clock genes are proposed to drive metabolic rhythms. These gene rhythms are driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) mainly by food intake and via autonomic and hormonal pathways. Forced activity during the normal rest phase, induces also food intake, thus neglecting the signals of the SCN, leading to conflicting time signals to target tissues of the SCN. The present study explored in a rodent model of night-work the influence of food during the normal sleep period on the synchrony of gene expression between clock genes and metabolic genes in the liver. Male Wistar rats were exposed to forced activity for 8 h either during the rest phase (day) or during the active phase (night) by using a slow rotating wheel. In this shift work model food intake shifts spontaneously to the forced activity period, therefore the influence of food alone without induced activity was tested in other groups of animals that were fed ad libitum, or fed during their rest or active phase. Rats forced to be active and/or eating during their rest phase, inverted their daily peak of Per1, Bmal1 and Clock and lost the rhythm of Per2 in the liver, moreover NAMPT and metabolic genes such as Pparα lost their rhythm and thus their synchrony with clock genes. We conclude that shift work or food intake in the rest phase leads to desynchronization within the liver, characterized by misaligned temporal patterns of clock genes and metabolic genes. This may be the cause of the development of the metabolic syndrome and obesity in individuals engaged in shift work. © 2013 Salgado-Delgado et al.
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glucose; messenger RNA; nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; sirtuin 1; transcription factor CLOCK; abdominal fat; animal experiment; animal model; animal tissue; article; b actina gene; Bmal1 gene; circadian rhythm; clock gene; controlled study; diet restriction; down regulation; fatty acid oxidation; food intake; gene; gene control; gene expression regulation; gene location; gene sequence; gluconeogenesis; glucose blood level; glucose intolerance; insulin release; insulin sensitivity; lipid storage; male; metabolic disorder; NAD gene; nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase gene; night work; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; pathogenesis; Per1 gene; Per2 gene; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha gene; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene; Pgc1 gene; rat; rest; shift worker; sirtuin 1 gene; weight gain; Animals; Body Weight; Circadian Rhythm; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Intolerance; Liver; Male; NAD; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; Period Circadian Proteins; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Time Factors; Transcription Factors; Animalia; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus; Rodentia
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