Seed morphological characterization and reserves used during seedling emergency of wild and domesticated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) [Caracterización morfológica de las semillas y consumo de reservas durante la emergencia de plántulas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) silvestre y domesticado]

The seedling emergency depends on the seed physiological and biochemical characteristics, its reaction to the environment and efficiency to use its own reserves during the germination. The objective of the research was to relate the seminal morphology differences with the efficiency for using reserves on seedling emergence of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in a domestication gradient. Six improved cultivars, three landraces and six wild accessions were sowed 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 cm depth, were sowed under greenhouse conditions. Seed weight, color, shine, tone and intensity of the seed coat color and proportion of cotyledons, coat and embryonic axis were quantified. Height, biomass of cotyledons, biomass accumulated in leaflets, hypocotyl and root, diameter and length of hypocotyl, and root length) were evaluated when seedlings showed the first trifoliate leaf. Analysis of variance, multiple mean comparison, and principal components and cluster multivariate analysis were carried out including seed and seedling morphological characteristics. It was determined that seed size and proportion of seed structures are the mean morphological characteristics for seeds typifying; cultivars are more efficient for using seed reserves for germination and seedling emergence; the seminal reserves are allocated to the seedling structures development in variable proportions and in dependence on the common bean type.

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