ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI FROM DRY ENVIRONMENTS AS BEST OPTIONS TO PRESERVE PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS OF SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L. PLANTS UNDER LIMITED IRRIGATION
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abstract
The efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in photosynthesis will depend on the AMF species used. AMF species from two different environments, inoculated as single species or in consortium, and their influence on photosynthesis in tomato plants subjected to different irrigation regimes were evaluated. The mycorrhizal inocula were: humid environment (Glomus sp. and the-C1-consortium) and semi-arid environment (Claroideoglomus etunicatum and the-C2-consortium), and three irrigation doses were applied (70%25, 85%25 and 100%25). A 15%25 reduction of the irrigation dose affected colonization with C. etunicatum, and with the species of the humid environment it was lower with the 100%25 irrigation dose. The mycorrhizal consortium C2 maintained stable colonization levels at all three irrigation doses. Glomus sp. and Claroideoglomus etunicatum showed increases in net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), non-photochemical quenching (qN) and electron transport rate (ETR) with decreasing irrigation dose. The C2 mycorrhizal consortium showed increases in PN, gs and WUE by reducing irrigation by 30%25, while the C1 mycorrhizal consortium was stable with 15%25 less irrigation. Simple species maintain stable photosynthesis despite water scarcity and AMF from semi-arid environments are more efficient in maintaining gas exchange under water reductions.
