Effect of the combination of chemical-physical pretreatments for bonding PEEK to resin composites
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abstract
Objective. Surface pretreatment of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is necessary to increase the bond strength between PEEK and veneering materials. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of chemical and physical pretreatments on the surface of PEEK for the adhesion of resin composite. Materials and methods. Five pretreatments were evaluated: grit-blasting (Al2 O3), grit-blasting (Al2 O3) primer adhesive, 98%25 sulfuric acid, 98%25 sulfuric acid primer adhesive, and an untreated control. The PEEK surface was evaluated with a scanning electron microscope, and the tensile bond strength (TBS) of the PEEK with the veneering resin composite interface was measured with a universal test machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. The failure was categorized as adhesive, cohesive or mixed. Results. Pretreatment with grit-blasting primer adhesive obtained the highest mean ± standard deviation TBS value (19.10±1.70 MPa) followed by 98%25 sulfuric acid primer adhesive (17.90±1.20 MPa), while the pretreatments with grit-blasting (13.97±2.33 MPa) and 98%25 sulfuric acid (12.18±0.70 MPa) showed the lowest values. All pretreatments showed statistically significant differences with respect to the untreated PEEK control and the combined pretreatments with respect to the pretreatment with grit-blasting and 98%25 sulfuric acid (p≤0.05). A higher number of adhesive failures were observed except in the grit-blasting primer adhesive group, which had 80%25 mixed failures. No cohesive failures were seen. Conclusion. The combination of chemical-physical pretreatments induced an increased in the TBS values between PEEK and resin composite because of the topographical roughness and the micro-mechanical anchoring in the PEEK surface.
