Uremic Stomatitis: A Latin American Case Series and Literature Review

Background: Uremic stomatitis is often unfamiliar to healthcare professionals. This study presents five cases of uremic stomatitis, providing a comprehensive analysis of their demographic distribution, clinicopathological features, and management strategies based on existing literature. Methods: Data were collected from centers across Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and Mexico. Electronic searches were conducted in five databases supplemented by manual scrutiny and gray literature. Results: The series consisted of three men and two women with a mean age of 40.2 years. Lesions mostly appeared as white plaques, particularly on the tongue (100%25). The median blood urea level was 129 mg/dL. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial changes, including acanthosis and parakeratosis, with ballooned keratinocytes in the suprabasal region. Oral lesions resolved subsequent to hemodialysis in three cases (75%25). Thirty-seven studies comprising 52 cases of uremic stomatitis have been described hitherto. Most patients were male (65.4%25) with a mean age of 43.6 years. Clinically, grayish-white plaques (37.3%25) and ulcers/ulcerations (28.9%25) were common, particularly on the tongue (30.9%25). Hemodialysis was performed on 27 individuals. The resolution rate of oral lesions was 53.3%25. Conclusion: Earlier recognition of uremic stomatitis, possibly associated with long-term uremia, holds the potential to improve outcomes for patients with undiagnosed chronic kidney disease.

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