abstract

• Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal used in various industrial processes, so its levels are considerably increased in the soil, sediments, surface water, and groundwater. Pb is a non-biodegradable and persistent environmental pollutant that causes toxicity in humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms. Phytoremediation is a clean, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technology to remove Pb from aquatic and terrestrial environments. This technology uses plants to remove, immobilize, and contain Pb through phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizofiltration. This chapter describes the characteristics of plants used in phytoremediation, focusing on the mechanisms employed by the plants to assist in the removal or immobilization of Pb. Moreover, it shows the state of the art on phytoremediation assisted by microorganisms for enhancing phytoremediation of Pb-polluted soils.

authors

• Hernández Morales Alejandro

publication date

• 2024-01-01

published in

• Lead Toxicity Mitigation: Sustainable Nexus Approaches  Book

keywords

• Phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizofiltration, microbial-assisted phytoremediation

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• 10.1007/978-3-031-46146-0_7

PubMed ID

start page

• 149

end page

• 168

volume

issue