Association between obesity and diabetes prevalence and COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: An ecological study
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Introduction: Mortality rates associated with COVID-19 vary widely between countries and, within countries, between regions. These differences might be explained by population susceptibility, environmental factors, transmission dynamics, containment strategies, and diagnostic approaches. We aimed to analyze if obesity and diabetes prevalence are associated with higher COVID-19 mortality rates in Mexico. Methodology: We analyzed the mortality rate for each of the 2,457 municipalities in Mexico, one of the countries with highest COVID-19 mortality rate, during the first seven months of the pandemic to identify factors associated with higher mortality, including demographic, health-related characteristics (prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in adults older than 20 years old), and altitude. Results: During the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic there were 85,666 deaths reported in Mexico, with a cumulative mortality rate of 67 per 100,000 population. The mean mortality rate for the 2,457 municipalities in Mexico was 33.9 per 100,000 population. At a municipal level, the prevalence of diabetes and obesity, as well as high human development index, and location at < 500 or > 2000 above sea level were associated with higher mortality rate. Conclusions: Elevated obesity and diabetes prevalence explain, in part, high COVID-19 mortality rates registered in certain municipalities in Mexico. These results suggest that a regionalized approach should be considered to successfully limit the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Copyright © 2021 Noyola et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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COVID-19; Diabetes; Mortality; Obesity; Pandemic; Respiratory viruses; SARS-CoV-2 adult; altitude; Article; case fatality rate; coronavirus disease 2019; diabetes mellitus; epidemic; female; human; human development; hypertension; incidence; male; Mexico; mortality; mortality rate; obesity; pandemic; population density; prevalence; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; complication; diabetes mellitus; ecology; hypertension; middle aged; obesity; prevalence; virology; young adult; Adult; COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Ecology; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prevalence; Young Adult
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