abstract

• Bubble formation is a well identified phenomenon within short (ns) and ultrashort (fs) laser pulses-aqueous media interactions. Bubble formation might be produced by three different mechanisms: (1) optical breakdown, (2) rarefraction wave and (3) overheating of the material. Experiments where transparent and scattering tissue models that mimic biological tissue were irradiated with a Q-switched, 532 nm, 5 nanosecond, Nd:YAG and Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser systems. The type of bubble (transient or permanent) and initial bubble diameter were characterized as a function of time as well as the number of pulses and repetition rate at which they were delivered. Threshold fluence for bubble formation in scattering tissue model was also studied. Two types of bubbles were identified depending on the number of pulses and the repetition rate at which they were delivered: transient (type 1) and permanent (type 2) bubbles. There is an insignificant difference in the fluence required to form a bubble in transparent tissue models regardless of the depth at which the beam was focused; in contrast, for scattering tissue models, the fluence required to form a bubble in deep positions is significantly higher than that of more superficial beam focus positions.

authors

• Aguilar G.
• Camacho-López S.
• Evans R.
• Pérez Gutiérrez Francisco Gerardo

publication date

• 2007-01-01

published in

• Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE  Proceedings

keywords

• Bubble formation; Light refraction; Mathematical models; Transparency; Ultrashort pulses; Femtosecond laser systems; Scattering tissue models; Tissue engineering

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• 10.1117/12.701566

start page

end page

volume

• 6435