Adsorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon
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abstract
The adsorption isotherm of cadmium on activated carbon was measured in a batch adsorber. Effects of temperature and solution pH on the adsorption isotherm were investigated by determining the adsorption isotherm at temperatures of 10, 25, and 40°C and at initial pH values from 2 to 8. Langmuir isotherm better fitted the experimental data since the average percent deviation was lower than with the Freundlich isotherm. It was noticed that the amount of Cd2%2b adsorbed was reduced about 3 times by increasing the temperature from 10 to 40°C. It was found that Cd2%2b was not adsorbed on activated carbon at pH of 2 or lower and that Cd2%2b was precipitated out as Cd(OH)2 at pH values above 9. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH of 8 and the adsorption capacity was decreased about 12 times by reducing the initial pH from 8 to 3. According to the cadmium speciation diagram the predominant species below pH of 8 is Cd2%2b. Thus, cadmium was adsorbed on the activated carbon surface as Cd2%2b. It was concluded that the adsorption capacity is a strong function of pH and temperature.
