An overview of bioinformatics tools for epitope prediction: Implications on vaccine development
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abstract
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Exploitation of recombinant DNA and sequencing technologies has led to a new concept in vaccination in which isolated epitopes, capable of stimulating a specific immune response, have been identified and used to achieve advanced vaccine formulations; replacing those constituted by whole pathogen-formulations. In this context, bioinformatics approaches play a critical role on analyzing multiple genomes to select the protective epitopes in silico. It is conceived that cocktails of defined epitopes or chimeric protein arrangements, including the target epitopes, may provide a rationale design capable to elicit convenient humoral or cellular immune responses. This review presents a comprehensive compilation of the most advantageous online immunological software and searchable, in order to facilitate the design and development of vaccines. An outlook on how these tools are supporting vaccine development is presented. HIV and influenza have been taken as examples of promising developments on vaccination against hypervariable viruses. Perspectives in this field are also envisioned. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.
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Antigenic determinants; Databases; Hypervariable pathogens; Immunological software; Immunoprotection Antigens; Bioinformatics; Database systems; Epitopes; Gene encoding; Immune system; Mobile security; Pathogens; Viruses; Antigenic determinants; Bioinformatics tools; Chimeric proteins; Design and Development; Epitope predictions; Immunoprotection; Recombinant DNA; Vaccine development; Vaccines; chimeric protein; epitope; vaccine; DNA; epitope; influenza vaccine; protein; recombinant protein; vaccine; bioinformatics; cellular immunity; computer aided design; computer model; computer prediction; computer program; epitope mapping; human; Human immunodeficiency virus; humoral immunity; influenza; influenza vaccination; priority journal; Review; algorithm; biology; chemistry; computer system; epitope mapping; genome; HIV Infections; immunology; Influenza, Human; medical informatics; procedures; T lymphocyte; Algorithms; Computational Biology; Computer Systems; DNA; Epitope Mapping; Epitopes; Genome; HIV Infections; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Medical Informatics; Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Software; T-Lymphocytes; Vaccines
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