Bacillus subtilis comes of age as a vaccine production host and delivery vehicle

Bacillus subtilis is a vaccine production host and delivery vector with several advantages such as a low production cost, straightforward administration as it is safe for human consumption and the production of spores exerting adjuvant effects. This review summarizes the expression approaches and provides an updated outlook of how a myriad of pathogens have been targeted under this technology. Furthermore, by reviewing the literature, several promising candidates in terms of immunogenic and immunoprotective potential have been identified. The immune profiles achieved comprise either humoral or cellular responses, which reflect versatility for application in the fight of distinct pathologies that demand specific polarization on the immune responses. Some perspectives for this field are also envisioned. © 2015 Informa UK, Ltd.

cytotoxic lymphocyte; delivery vehicle; intranasal immunization; low cost vaccine; mucosal vaccines; oral immunization; particulate antigen; spore; sublingual immunization bacterial vaccine; subunit vaccine; bacterial vaccine; drug carrier; immunological adjuvant; vaccine; antibody production; antibody response; antigen expression; antigen presentation; antigen presenting cell; Bacillus subtilis; bacterial spore; cellular immunity; drug delivery system; drug design; human; humoral immunity; immunogenicity; nonhuman; polarization; priority journal; Review; spore germination; thermostability; vaccination; vaccine production; animal; Bacillus subtilis; drug delivery system; genetics; immunology; isolation and purification; metabolism; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Vaccines; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Spores, Bacterial; Vaccines

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