Plants used in the traditional medicine of Mesoamerica (Mexico and Central America) and the Caribbean for the treatment of obesity
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Ethnopharmacological relevance Obesity is a worldwide medical concern. New ethnobotanical information regarding the antiobesity effect of medicinal plants has been obtained in the last 30 years in response to socio-demographic changes and high-fat diets became common. Aim of the study This review provides a summary of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean for the empirical treatment of obesity in terms of ethnobotany, toxicity, pharmacology, conservation status, trade and chemistry. Materials and methods Bibliographic investigation was performed by analyzing recognized books, undergraduate and postgraduate theses and peer-reviewed scientific articles, consulting worldwide accepted scientific databases from the last four decades. Medicinal plants used for the treatment of obesity were classified in two categories: (1) plants with pharmacological evidence and (2) plants without pharmacological evidence. Results A total of 139 plant species, belonging to 61 families, native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean that are used for the empirical treatment of obesity were recorded. From these plants, 33 were investigated in scientific studies, and 106 plants lacked scientific investigation. Medicinal plants were experimentally studied in vitro (21 plants) and in vivo (16 plants). A total of 4 compounds isolated from medicinal plants used for the empirical treatment of obesity have been tested in vitro (2 compounds) and in vivo (4 compounds) studies. No clinical trials on obese subjects (BMI>30 kg/m2) have been performed using the medicinal plants cited in this review. There are no herbal-based products approved in Mexico for the treatment of obesity. Conclusions There are a limited number of scientific studies published on medicinal plants from Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean used for the treatment of obesity. This review highlights the need to perform pharmacological, phytochemical, toxicological and ethnobotanical studies with medicinal flora to obtain new antiobesity agents. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Chemical compounds studied in this article Capsaicin (CID: 1548943); Chlorogenic acid (CID: 1794427); Simmondsin (CID: 6437384) Acacia farnesiana extract; Agave tequilana extract; antidiabetic agent; Arctostaphylos pungens extract; Artemisia mexicana extract; Bidens pilosa extract; Calea zacatechichi extract; Cecropia obtusifolia extract; Crataegus mexicana extract; Cucurbita pepo extract; Gnaphalium roseum extract; guava extract; Guazuma ulmifolia extract; Hintonia latiflora extract; Ibervillea sonorae extract; Justicia spicigera extract; Loeselia mexicana extract; Persea americana extract; Piper auritum extract; plant extract; Sambucus mexicana extract; Tabebuia impetiginosa extract; unclassified drug; plant extract; Acacia farnesiana; Agave tequilana; antidiabetic activity; Arctostaphylos; Arctostaphylos pungens; Artemisia; Artemisia mexicana; Article; Asteraceae; avocado; body mass; Cactaceae; Caribbean; Cecropia; Cecropia obtusifolia; Central America; Crataegus; Crataegus mexicana; Cucurbita pepo; dietitian; ethnobotany; Euphorbiaceae; food intake; Gnaphalium; Gnaphalium roseum; Gomphrena; Gomphrena globosa; guava; Guazuma ulmifolia; Hintonia latiflora; Hypericum; Hypericum philonotis; Hypericum silenoides; Ibervillea sonorae; in vitro study; in vivo study; medicinal plant; Mexico; nonhuman; obesity; Piper (plant); Piper auritum; postgraduate student; Sambucus; Sambucus mexicana; Smilacaceae; Tabebuia; Tabebuia impetiginosa; Ternstroemia pringlei; Tillandsia; Tillandsia usneoides; traditional medicine; treatment outcome; weight reduction; animal; human; obesity; phytotherapy; Animals; Caribbean Region; Central America; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Mexico; Obesity; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
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