Inducible expression of antigens in plants: a study focused on peptides related to multiple sclerosis immunotherapy
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects 2.3 million patients worldwide with no effective treatments available thus far. Depletion of autoreactive T-cells is considered the basis for immunotherapeutic approaches. For this purpose the peptides BV5S2, BV6S5, and BV13S1 have been identified as candidates for the development of a MS vaccine. Herein, the plant-based simultaneous production of these peptides is described as an effort to generate a new model of MS immunotherapy. A polyprotein comprising the sequence of the target peptides was designed having the picornaviral 2A sequence in between to mediate the release of the individual peptides upon translation. A codon optimized gene was cloned in vectors mediating constitutive (CaMV35S promoter) or inducible (AlcA promoter) expression. No transgenic tobacco plants were recovered from the constitutive vector suggesting toxicity of the target peptides. In contrast, several transformed lines were obtained with the inducible vector. The individual BV5S2, BV6S5, and BV13S1 peptides were detected in transformed lines upon ethanol-mediated induction and a quantitative analysis based on a OVA conjugate carrying the three peptides revealed accumulation levels up to 0.5 μg g-1 FW leaves. The plant-made peptides were able to induce humoral responses in orally immunized mice. This platform will be useful in the development of alternative immunotherapies against MS having low cost and safety as main attributes. Moreover the platform represents an attractive alternative for the expression of antigens having detrimental effects in plants. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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2A peptide; Algevir; multicomponent vaccine; multiple sclerosis immunotherapy; plant-made vaccine; T cell receptor peptide Antigens; Cloning; Mammals; Plants (botany); CaMV 35S promoter; Immunotherapeutic; Inducible expression; Low costs; Multiple sclerosis; Transgenic tobacco plants; Peptides; alcohol; bv13s1 peptide; bv5s2 peptide; bv6s5 peptide; ovalbumin; polyprotein; synthetic peptide; unclassified drug; cysteine proteinase; lymphocyte antigen receptor; peptide fragment; picornain 2A, Picornavirus; subunit vaccine; viral protein; amino acid sequence; animal experiment; animal model; antigen expression; Article; conjugate; controlled study; drug synthesis; female; humoral immunity; immunization; immunotherapy; mouse; multiple sclerosis; Nicotiana tabacum; nonhuman; Picornaviridae; priority journal; quantitative analysis; animal; gene expression; gene vector; genetics; human; immunology; immunotherapy; metabolism; multiple sclerosis; promoter region; tobacco; transgenic plant; Animals; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Immunization; Immunotherapy; Mice; Multiple Sclerosis; Peptide Fragments; Plants, Genetically Modified; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Tobacco; Vaccines, Subunit; Viral Proteins
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