abstract

• The objective of the present study was to identify volatile prints from exhaled breath, termed breath-print, from breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy women by means of an electronic nose and to evaluate its potential use as a screening method. A cross-sectional study was performed on 443 exhaled breath samples from women, of whom 262 had been diagnosed with BC by biopsy and 181 were healthy women (control group). Breath-print analysis was performed utilizing the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. Group data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and support vector machine (SVM), and the test%27s diagnostic power was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results obtained using the model generated from the CDA, which best describes the behavior of the assessed groups, indicated that the breath-print of BC patients was different from that of healthy women and that they presented with a variability of up to 98.8%25 and a correct classification of 98%25. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value reached 100%25 according to the ROC curve. The present study demonstrates the capability of the electronic nose to separate between healthy subjects and BC patients. This research could have a beneficial impact on clinical practice as we consider that this test could probably be used at the first point before the application of established gold tests (mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy) and substantially improve screening tests in the general population. © 2020 The Author(s).
• The objective of the present study was to identify volatile prints from exhaled breath, termed breath-print, from breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy women by means of an electronic nose and to evaluate its potential use as a screening method. A cross-sectional study was performed on 443 exhaled breath samples from women, of whom 262 had been diagnosed with BC by biopsy and 181 were healthy women (control group). Breath-print analysis was performed utilizing the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. Group data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and support vector machine (SVM), and the test's diagnostic power was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results obtained using the model generated from the CDA, which best describes the behavior of the assessed groups, indicated that the breath-print of BC patients was different from that of healthy women and that they presented with a variability of up to 98.8%25 and a correct classification of 98%25. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value reached 100%25 according to the ROC curve. The present study demonstrates the capability of the electronic nose to separate between healthy subjects and BC patients. This research could have a beneficial impact on clinical practice as we consider that this test could probably be used at the first point before the application of established gold tests (mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy) and substantially improve screening tests in the general population. © 2020 The Author(s).

authors

• Balderas-Segura B.
• Cruz-Ramos J.A.
• De León-Martínez L.D.
• Domínguez-Reyes C.A.
• Flores Ramírez Rogelio
• Gorocica-Rosete P.
• Martínez-Bustos V.
• Ornelas-Rebolledo O.
• Rodriguez-Aguilar M.
• Tenorio-Torres J.A.

publication date

• 2020-01-01

published in

• Journal of Breath Research  Journal

keywords

• Breast cancer; Breath analysis; Electronic nose; Multivariate analysis; Screening volatile organic compound; volatile organic compound; adult; Article; breast biopsy; breast cancer; breast imaging reporting and data system; breathing; cancer patient; cancer screening; case control study; clinical practice; controlled study; cross-sectional study; echomammography; expired air; female; human; human tissue; major clinical study; mammography; middle aged; observational study; pilot study; predictive value; priority journal; prospective study; sensitivity and specificity; support vector machine; breast tumor; breath analysis; discriminant analysis; electronic nose; exhalation; principal component analysis; procedures; receiver operating characteristic; reproducibility; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Discriminant Analysis; Electronic Nose; Exhalation; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Principal Component Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Volatile Organic Compounds

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

• 10.1088/1752-7163/aba83f

PubMed ID

• 32698165

start page

end page

volume

• 14

issue

• 4