Synthesis of polypyrrole nanoparticles by oil-in-water microemulsion polymerization with narrow size distribution
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Conductive spherical polypyrrole nanoparticles were obtained by polymerization in oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant, and potassium persulfate (KPS, 0.017 wt.%25) as oxidizing agent. The average particle diameter (Dp) of the nanoparticles was between 38 and 45 nm with narrow particle size distributions (D w/D n∈<∈1.2). Dp increases with the ethanol concentration due to the intercalation between the polar heads of SDS, promoting instability of the nanoparticles and some coagulation. In this work, low surfactant concentration was used, and the molar ratio of the oxidizing agent to monomer was 8.5∈×∈10-3, a value much lower compared with others reported in the literature. Increasing the ethanol concentration in the recipes enhanced the conductive properties of the polymers due to the high π-conjugation length obtained. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
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Microemulsion; Nanoparticles; Polypyrrole; Short-chain alcohols Co-surfactants; Conductive properties; Conjugation length; Ethanol concentrations; Molar ratio; Narrow size distributions; Oil-in-water; Oil-in-water microemulsions; Oxidizing agents; Particle diameters; Polar head; Potassium persulfate; Short-chain alcohols; Sodium dodecyl sulfate; Surfactant concentrations; Anionic polymerization; Anionic surfactants; Coagulation; Ethanol; Nanoparticles; Oxidation; Polymers; Polypyrroles; Potassium; Size distribution; Sodium; Sodium sulfate; Microemulsions; alcohol; dodecyl sulfate sodium; nanoparticle; peroxydisulfate potassium; polypyrrole; water oil cream; article; chemical structure; concentration (parameters); dispersion; electric conductivity; emulsion; mathematical analysis; particle size; polymerization; priority journal; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet spectroscopy
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