Social working and health conditions of precarious workers in Mexico; [Condiciones sociolaborales y de salud de trabajadores precarios de México]
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abstract
The objective of this work is to compare the quality of life of precarious quarry and brick-kiln workers in the municipality of San Luis Potosí and artisanal mercury mining in Camargo, Querétaro. Field work and non-participatory observation were carried out. During the field research period in 2019-2020, a questionnaire was applied to a total of 118 workers. The data were organized and processed with the Excel program (Microsoft Office 365) and analyzed within the framework of environmental anthropology and everyday-life approaches. In both contexts, it was found that the workers present a high level of marginalization, chronic diseases, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, in addition to the lack of protective equipment. According to the activity performed, they suffer from different occupational hazards. Furthermore, they are not employed under a labor contract, and their families also participate in the work. The identified situations of occupational precariousness presented various diagnosed chronic degenerative comorbidities, lack of protective equipment to perform their activities, occupational hazards and little access to health services. Therefore, multidisciplinary efforts and approaches are required to assess, address and draw attention to their conditions, in order to prevent, intervene and transform labor precariousness into decent work.