The Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7) of SARS-CoV-2 Failed to Become Dominant in Mexico
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During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the emergence and rapid increase of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) lineage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in the United Kingdom in September 2020, was well documented in different areas of the world and became a global public health concern because of its increased transmissibility. The B.1.1.7 lineage was first detected in Mexico during December 2020, showing a slow progressive increase in its circulation frequency, which reached its maximum in May 2021 but never became predominant. In this work, we analyzed the patterns of diversity and distribution of this lineage in Mexico using phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses. Despite the reported increase in transmissibility of the B.1.1.7 lineage, in most Mexican states, it did not displace cocirculating lineages, such as B.1.1.519, which dominated the country from February to May 2021. Our results show that the states with the highest prevalence of B.1.1.7 were those at the Mexico-U.S. border. An apparent pattern of dispersion of this lineage from the northern states of Mexico toward the center or the southeast was observed in the largest transmission chains, indicating possible independent introduction events from the United States. However, other entry points cannot be excluded, as shown by multiple introduction events. Local transmission led to a few successful haplotypes with a localized distribution and specific mutations indicating sustained community transmission. © 2022 Zárate et al.
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Alpha; genomic surveillance; Mexico; SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus nucleocapsid protein; coronavirus spike glycoprotein; adult; Article; bioethics; female; gene deletion; genetic variability; geographic distribution; haplotype; hospital patient; human; linear regression analysis; male; Mexico; middle aged; nasopharyngeal swab; nucleotide sequence; open reading frame; oropharyngeal swab; phylogeny; real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2 Alpha; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; State of Mexico; United States; vaccination; virus genome; virus transmission; epidemiology; genetics; COVID-19; Genome, Viral; Humans; Mexico; Phylogeny; SARS-CoV-2
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