Seawater Hydration Modulates IL-6 and Apelin Production during Triathlon Events: A Crossover Randomized Study
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A triathlon is an endurance event in which athletes need an efficient hydration strategy since hydration is restricted at different stages. However, it seems that seawater intake can be a suitable hydration alternative for this type of endurance event. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of seawater hydration during a triathlon on cytokine production. Fifteen trained male triathletes (age = 38.8 ± 5.62 years old; BMI = 22.58 ± 2.51 kg/m2) randomly performed three triathlons, one of them consuming seawater (Totum SPORT, Laboratories Quinton International, S.L., Valencia, Spain), the other one consuming tap water ad libitum, and the last a physiologic saline solution as placebo. The triathlon consisted of an 800 m swim, a 90 km bike ride, and a 10 km run. Blood samples were taken at rest and after training, where markers of inflammation, hemoglobin, and hematocrit concentration were assessed. While the seawater was not ergogenic, it significantly increased the release of IL-6 and apelin post-exercise. However, no differences were found between the fractalkine, IL-15, EPO, osteonectin, myostatin, oncostatin, irisin, FSTL1, osteocrin, BDNF, and FGF-21 values over those of the placebo group. The present study demonstrates that hydration with seawater stimulates myokine production, which could lead to improved performance recovery after exercise. © 2022 by the authors.
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endurance exercise; exercise physiology; hydration; sweating apelin; brain derived neurotrophic factor; cytokine; erythropoietin; fibroblast growth factor 21; follistatin related protein; follistatin related protein 1; fractalkine; hemoglobin; interleukin 15; interleukin 6; irisin; myostatin; oncostatin M; osteonectin; protein osteocrin; sea water; sodium chloride; tap water; unclassified drug; apelin; follistatin related protein; FSTL1 protein, human; interleukin 6; concentration (composition); hydration; physical activity; seawater; sport; training; adult; Article; blood sampling; body mass; controlled study; crossover procedure; cycling; cytokine production; cytokine release; double blind procedure; exercise recovery; fluid intake; hematocrit; hemoglobin blood level; human; inflammation; male; randomized controlled trial; rehydration; running; seawater hydration; Spain; swimming; training; triathlete; triathlon; endurance; physiology; running; Adult; Apelin; Bicycling; Follistatin-Related Proteins; Humans; Interleukin-6; Male; Physical Endurance; Running; Swimming
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