Microbial Biogas Production: challenges and opportunities
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abstract
Global food loss and food waste represent billions of tons of squandered food every year, which is also traduced in loss of resources, such as water, land, and energy. For this reason, circular bioeconomy promotes the valorization of food wastes into innovation for the development of new products, including the bioenergy area, specifically for biogas production, which is obtained through anaerobic digestion. The principal feedstock used for biogas generation are organic materials and solid residues, such as sludge, manure, food wastes, among others. Microorganisms have an important role since they must release and ferment soluble sugars and produce biogas. Anaerobic communities found in digesters include bacteria, fungi, archaea, and micro- and macroalgae. The dynamics of these communities is influenced by substrate type and, in turns, strongly impact the obtained biogas yields. Other factors influence over biogas yield, such as biomass pretreatments, co-digestion, temperature, reactor design, and organic loading rate. In addition, face social and economic problems during biogas production, including an unclear policy in renewable energy.